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• John B Whalen Jr Esq •

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What Is A Ardmore Pa Last Will?

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What Is An Ardmore Pa Last Will? – Bio

John B. Whalen Jr Esq
Wayne Pa Probate Lawyers
1199 Heyward Road, Wayne, PA 1908

Wayne Pa Probate Lawyers Practice Areas

John provides a full range of services for Pa Wills: drafting, review, amendment, revocation, execution and probate. He provides reliable guidance for testators and executors.

His experience in the probate court, resolving issues related to the validity of wills, enables him to provide practical advice for testators from all walks of life. Similarly, his work in the formation of wills gives us keen insight into how executors should interpret various aspects of a will that may initially seem unclear.

Whether you are a testator formulating an estate plan or an executor implementing a decedent’s wishes, John B. Whalen, Jr. Esq. can simplify many complex aspects of the tasks before you.

He offers pertinent and personal legal advice to obtain the results you need in a timely manner with the least stress possible. Once executed, your will remains your final statement of your intentions until you amend or revoke it.

He recommends reviewing your will every three to five years and updating it to reflect your current wishes.

About Ardmore Pa Probate Lawyers – Review – Areas

He concentrates his three decade career in the legal areas Pa Probate,Pa Estate Planning including Pa Last Wills, Pa Powers of Attorney, Pa Living Wills), Pa Estate Administration, Pa Estate Taxation, Pa Estate Litigation, Pa Beneficiary Representation, and Pa Guardianships.

About Ardmore Pa Probate Lawyers – Review – Testimonials

Mr. Whalen has over 3,967 LinkedIn Profile Followers. 99 LinkedIn Peer Endorsements. 27 Avvo Peer Endorsements. 24 Martindale Peer Reviews. 12 Lawyers Client Reviews. 68 Avvo Client Reviews – over 5,000 Reviews

About Ardmore Pa Probate Lawyers – Review – Accolades

Mr. Whalen has achieved the AV Peer Review Rated Preeminentaward from Martindale, AV Peer Judicial Preeminent award, the Avvo Rated Superb 10.00 award, the Avvo Rated Top Lawyer award, the Clients’ Choice Award, and the Top One Percent (1%) award.

He is the recipient of the Legum Magister Post-Doctorate Degree (LL.M.) in Taxation (from the Villanova University School of Law), a recipient of the American Jurisprudence Award in Wills, Trusts, and Estates, from the Widener University School of Law), and a recipient of the ABA-BNA Law Award for Academic Excellence (from the Widener University School of Law).

He has also been named as an Awesome Attorney in the field of Estate Planning Law (by the Suburban Life Magazine of the Philadelphia suburbs) for the years 2010 through 2018, and was Editor-in-Chief of the Delaware Law Forum at Widener School of Law.

About Ardmore Pa Probate Lawyers – Review – Curriculum Vitae

Mr. Whalen is a frequent speaker and writer on the areas of Probate, Wills, Trusts, Estates. He has spoken for the Pennsylvania Bar Institute, spoken at the Widener University Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, and spoken at the Delaware County Estate Planning Council. He has also had his legal articles published by the Pennsylvania Bar Institute, the Pennsylvania Law Weekly, the Philadelphia Business Journal, and the Martindale.Com website. He has had his law blogs published on the Lawyers.Com website.

Mr. Whalen is a member of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and the United States Federal Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. He is past president of the Delaware County Estate Planning Council, a past Internship Instructor of Conestoga High School, and Villanova University School of Law. He is a past member of the Chester County Estate Planning Council and a past President of the Chesterbrook Picket Post Condominium Association.

Ardmore Pa Beneficiary Lawyers

There are many factors that can affect the distribution of estate assets. In some cases, there may be a Pa Will that identifies you as a beneficiary; in other cases, there may not be a will at all. In still other cases, there may be a dispute involving the administration of the estate. For example, a beneficiary may disagree with how the executor or personal representative is distributing assets.

Ardmore Pa Estate Administration Lawyers

Pa Estate Administration is the process of settling a decedent’s affairs. When a loved one passes away, it can be an emotional time. In addition to grieving their passing, those that survive them must tie up all the legal and financial loose ends related to their life and estate. This includes addressing their Pa Last Will and following its instructions.

Ardmore Pa Estate Lawyers

Pa Estate law comprises many areas of law. However, all of these areas of law focus on taking care of one’s person and property. Estate law is all of the laws that impact how a person makes decisions and issues directives about their personal affairs. A Pa Estate is anything that makes up a person’s net worth. Very simply, an estate is what a person has in their own name alone.

Ardmore Pa Estate Litigation Lawyers

Most estates, especially when there is a proper will in place, are easily settled. Yet there are times when other factors complicate the issue, creating a situation that requires more careful consideration. For example, a family business, an estate that is in bankruptcy or an estate that holds significant amounts of real estate may become complicated quite quickly. This is where estate litigation comes into play.

Ardmore Pa Estate Planning Lawyers

An attorney who specializes in Pa Estate Planning can help you create a complete plan (including Pa Last Wills, Pa Powers of Attorney, and Pa Living Wills, etc.) to protect your spouse and children if you become unable to manage your financial affairs. Pa Estate Planning allows you to make decisions now so your wishes can be carried out if you die or become incapacitated.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney Lawyers

When you execute a legal document called a power of attorney, you are authorizing another individual to make certain decisions on your behalf. The person who signs the document is called the principal and the person who is authorized to make decisions is known as the agent or attorney-in-fact.

Ardmore Pa Living Wills Lawyers

Living wills are also referred to as an advance directive or a health care directive. It is a legal document that communicates your desire in the treatment of serious medical problems in the event that you are unable to speak for yourself. They do not go into effect unless you are incapacitated and unable to express yourself. Having a living will can relieve your close relatives from the burden of having to make the decision about whether to remove you from life support.

Ardmore Pa Trusts Lawyers

Trusts are legal documents that allow you to control how your assets will be allocated or managed. You are considered the grantor and the person that manages and distributes assets in the trust is known as the trustee. Individuals who receive money or other assets are the beneficiaries.

Property placed in a trust, unlike wills, is not subject to probate. You can also create a revocable trust which can be canceled or revoked at any time while you are alive. Trusts can be set up for a child’s education or to reduce estate taxes.

Ardmore Pa Last Wills Lawyers

A Will is an important document to execute in order to avoid disputes about how your assets will be divided when you die. The executor who administers the distribution of assets from your estate will allocate your possessions as you specified. You should periodically review your Will to make sure it is still relevant and accurate. Life changing events, such as the birth of a child or a marriage, may require amendments to the original document.

Ardmore Pa Last Wills Contest Lawyers

A loved one’s legacy can ease the pain of loss by reminding heirs of a departed family member’s enduring love. But when questions arise about the validity of a will or the management of estate assets, uncertainty can arouse animosity and prevent closure.

Ardmore Pa Estate Litigation Lawyers

Most estates, especially when there is a proper will in place, are easily settled. Yet there are times when other factors complicate the issue, creating a situation that requires more careful consideration. For example, a family business, an estate that is in bankruptcy or an estate that holds significant amounts of real estate may become complicated quite quickly. This is where estate litigation comes into play.

Ardmore Pa Estate Taxation Lawyers

When an individual acts in a fiduciary capacity such as a Pa Executor of a Pa Last Will or a Pa Trustee of the financial assets of another person or entity, they have the responsibility of keeping accurate financial records. Those records should show how money was spent, invested or distributed while under the fiduciary’s care and control. Proper accounting can bring to light the mismanagement or bad investment of funds should an issue arise with an interested party.

Ardmore Pa Guardianships Lawyers

The Pa Guardianship process can be filled with emotions. Realizing that a loved one is no longer capable of caring for his or her self can be difficult to accept. For the past twenty-five (25) years, Attorney Whalen has built a reputation for providing compassionate legal care for his clients, putting their needs and interests first while navigating emotionally trying circumstances.

Ardmore Pa Probate Law Lawyers

The Pa Probate process, itself, is a very simple process. However, it is merely the beginning of the Pa Estate Administration (also known as the Pa Estate Settlement) process, which involves settling a decedent’s affairs, and can (and does) involve many, many other steps, depending on many, many other things.

Ardmore Pa Attorneys Probate Wills Guide

The Ardmore Pa Attorneys Probate Guide is the core of this website. It consists of the best, most important articles on this website. Their focus is to provide the best and most complete information on various topics.

John B. Whalen, Jr., JD., LL.M., is an AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent 5.0 and Avvo Rated 10.0 Superb (obtaining over 95 client reviews and peer endorsements) premier and prestigious Attorney and Counselor at Law. He is located at 1199 Heyward Road Wayne Pa 19087. He serves all surrounding counties, on all 7 days, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, and on evenings, weekends, and holidays. He provides free initial consults all seven days, provides home visits, and provides flat fee structures. He can be reached by email at jw60297@me.com, and by telephone at 1-610-999-2157. He has amassed over 60 prestigious and premier professional awards and over 5000 client reviews and endorsements.

John B. Whalen, Jr., JD., LL.M., is an AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent 5.0 and Avvo Rated 10.0 Superb (obtaining over 95 client reviews and peer endorsements) premier and prestigious Attorney and Counselor at Law. He is located at 1199 Heyward Road Wayne Pa 19087. He serves all surrounding counties, on all 7 days, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, and on evenings, weekends, and holidays. He provides free initial consults all seven days, provides home visits, and provides flat fee structures. He can be reached by email at jw60297@me.com, and by telephone at 1-610-999-2157. He has amassed over 60 prestigious and premier professional awards and over 5000 client reviews and endorsements.

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What is an Ardmore Pa Model Court Accounting?

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What is an Ardmore Pa Model Court Accounting? – Intro

As I have explained in Ardmore Pa Beneficiary Lawyers, I have represented thousands of beneficiaries during my decades as an Estate Attorney.

I can provide the necessary advice to protect your rights in nearly any Pa Estate, Pa Trust, and/or Pa Power of Attorney planning matter.

If you suspect that a Pa Will, a Pa Trust, and/or a Pa Power of Attorney does not reflect the wishes of the deceased, you have a right to challenge the proceedings in court.

What is an Ardmore Pa Model Court Accounting? – Review

There are many factors that can affect the distribution of estate assets.

In some cases, there may be a Pa Will that identifies you as a Pa beneficiary; in other cases, there may not be a Pa Will at all.

In still other cases, there may be a dispute involving the administration of the estate. For example, a beneficiary may disagree with how the executor or personal representative is distributing assets.

Estate administration can be a complex and lengthy process with many bumps in the road.

If you suspect your rights as a Pa Beneficiary are being challenged, you should seek the advice of an experienced estate planning attorney immediately. I can explain your rights and all your available options. Contact our Wayne, PA office today to schedule a free consultation with me.

What is an Ardmore Pa Model Court Accounting? – Types

Every beneficiary and every fiduciary should understand Compelling Accountings and Defending Accountings. A court can require a fiduciary to provide a detailed report of the assets managed and justification for expenses incurred. This report is called an “Accounting”.

There are two forms of Accountings; Informal Accountings and Formal Accountings.

What is an Ardmore Pa Model Court Accounting? – Informal Accountings

The fiduciary creates and submits an Informal Accounting only to the interested parties without court oversight. An Informal Accounting’s complexity will depend on what information the interested parties require. Some beneficiaries only want copies of bank statements while others require detailed breakdowns and reports.

What is an Ardmore Pa Model Court Accounting? – Formal Accountings

The fiduciary submits a Formal Accounting to the court, as well as to all interested parties. The fiduciary files Formal Accountings in specific, detailed formats. It takes a great deal of time to learn these formats. To save time, judges want all Accounting in the same format. A Formal Account will require a filing fee and at least one court appearance.

What is an Ardmore Pa Model Court Accounting? – Format

You are not allowed to use Excel Spreadsheets, Quicken, Quickbooks, or other similar financial programs. The only acceptable format is a Model Court Account.

What is an Ardmore Pa Model Court Accounting? – When To Compel

An interested party does not need a specific reason to compel a Formal Accounting. Obtaining a Formal Accounting is a right. But, Formal Accountings are expensive so shouldn’t be sought lightly.

Common reasons to seek a Formal Accounting include if you believe the Pa Executor, Pa Agent or a Pa Trustee has committed Theft, Misappropriation of Property, Co-Mingled Assets or has Abused Power.

Suspicion that these acts took place is not enough, you must provide the judge evidence.

If an interested party believes that an Pa Executor, Pa Agent or Pa Trustee has stolen property, misappropriated property, co-mingled assets or abused power, it is wise to hire an Estate Litigation Attorney to force the fiduciary to file a Formal Account.

In this process, the Estate Litigation Lawyer can obtain an order allowing discovery. This allows the lawyer to depose the fiduciary, subpoena evidence, obtain records and interview witnesses.

If the fiduciary will rectify the harm, the judge will hold a hearing where the Estate Planning Lawyer will present the evidence gathered.

If after hearing all the evidence the judge finds the fiduciary was wrong, the judge can order the asset returned and surcharge the fiduciary for expenses and order the fiduciary’s removal.

What is an Ardmore Pa Model Court Accounting? – Conclusion

There are many times when an Accounting should be provided. There are many situations where an Accounting should be compelled. I will review those times and situations in further posts.

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How Do I Probate A Will In Ardmore Pa?

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How Do I Probate A Will In Ardmore Pa? – Intro

The Pa Probate process, itself, is a very simple process. However, it is merely the beginning of the Pa Estate Administration (also known as the Pa Estate Settlement) process, which involves settling a decedent’s affairs, and can (and does) involve many, many other steps, depending on many, many other things.

How Do I Probate A Will In Ardmore Pa? – Definitions

In United States law and terminology, “probate” refers to proving that a will is valid.

In many U.S. states, a person would petition the court for probate, and then add the will that is to be considered to their petition.

Once probate is approved by the court, the petitioner officially becomes the Executor and then has full legal rights to be able to deal with the deceased individual’s estate.

How Do I Probate A Will In Ardmore Pa? – Misunderstandings

Although some states do have onerous Probate procedures (where “avoiding probate” may be a prudent strategy), Pennsylvania is not one of those states, In fact, Pennsylvania is very “Probate-Friendly.”

The most common misconception that surrounds a Pa Last Will is the process called “Probate” and the seemingly universal theme that it should be avoided at all costs.

Again, and virtually to the contrary, the word “Probate” is merely based on the Latin infinitive verb that means “to prove.” Nothing more!

How Do I Probate A Will In Ardmore Pa? – Documents

You will need the following documents to probate a Pa Last Will in Wayne PA.

  1. Original Will
  2. Original Death Certificate
  3. Petition For Probate
  4. Estate Information Sheet
  5. Check for the Probate Fee

How Do I Probate A Will In Ardmore Pa? – Register of Wills

At the Register of Wills Office, the PA Executor will take an oath and be sworn in as the Executor to the estate. Furthermore, the executor will pay probate fees. These fees depend on the size of the PA Estate.

How Do I Probate A Will In Ardmore Pa? – Short Certificates

A Short Certificate is a legal document that shows the decedent’s name and date of death. It will also show the name of the Executor/Executrix who has been named to handle the affairs of the estate.

  • Letters Testamentary (if the decedent had a Pa Last Will; or
  • Letters of Administration (if the decedent did not have a Pa Last Will

Having a Short Certificate indicates that one has been appointed by the Register of Wills and has been issued.

How Do I Probate A Will In Ardmore Pa? – Register of Wills Office

The Information below is to assist you in locating the Chester County Register of Wills in order to begin the Probate Process:

  1. Montgomery County Register of Wills
  2. 2 East Airy Street
  3. Norristown, PA 19401
  4. Monday thru Friday 8:30 am to 4:15 pm.
  5. 610-278-3400

How Do I Probate A Will In Ardmore Pa? – Executor Duties

To complete the process of settling an estate, I guide individuals throughout Pennsylvania through the Probate and Estate Administration with confidence and efficiency.

  1. Getting court approval as executor/estate administrator and
  2. Posting bond (if required)
  3. Filing the Last Will with the appropriate probate court
  4. Locating beneficiaries
  5. Finding and assembling assets
  6. Transferring assets from the deceased to the estate
  7. Hiring valuation, genealogy or other experts, when appropriate
  8. Paying creditors and claimants
  9. Collecting amounts owed to the estate
  10. Paying current and delinquent taxes as well as estate taxes
  11. Distributing property to beneficiaries

Executors can easily make mistakes due to inexperience, stress and hasty decisions. This can be costly, as executors can be held personally liable for beneficiaries’ losses. I guide Pa Executors through every step of the probate process, with reliable, detailed advice, so you can settle the testator’s estate as efficiently, quickly and easily as possible.

How Do I Probate A Will In Ardmore Pa? – Conclusion

I provide reliable guidance for Pa Testators and Pa Executors. My experience in the probate court, resolving issues related to the validity of wills, enables me to provide practical advice for testators from all walks of life. Similarly, my work in the formation of wills gives us keen insight into how executors should interpret various aspects of a will that may initially seem unclear. Whether you are a testator formulating an estate plan or an executor implementing a decedent’s wishes, John B. Whalen, Jr. Esq. can simplify many complex aspects of the tasks before you. I offer pertinent and personal legal advice to obtain the results you need in a timely manner with the least stress possible.

Ardmore Pa Probate Attorneys Guide

The Ardmore Pa Probate Attorneys Guide is the core of this website. It consists of the best, most important articles on this website. Their focus is to provide the best and most complete information on a particular topic, rather than to sell products.

John B. Whalen, Jr., JD., LL.M., is an AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent 5.0 and Avvo Rated 10.0 Superb (obtaining over 95 client reviews and peer endorsements) premier and prestigious Attorney and Counselor at Law. He is located at 1199 Heyward Road Wayne Pa 19087. He serves all surrounding counties, on all 7 days, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, and on evenings, weekends, and holidays. He provides free initial consults all seven days, provides home visits, and provides flat fee structures. He can be reached by email at jw60297@me.com, and by telephone at 1-610-999-2157. He has amassed over 60 prestigious and premier professional awards and over 5000 client reviews and endorsements. Mr. Whalen has achieved the AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent award from Martindale, AV Peer Judicial Preeminent award, the Avvo Rated Superb 10.00 award, the Avvo Rated Top Lawyer award, the Clients’ Choice Award, and the Top One Percent (1%) award. He is the recipient of the Legum Magister Post-Doctorate Degree (LL.M.) in Taxation (from the Villanova University School of Law), a recipient of the American Jurisprudence Award in Wills, Trusts, and Estates (from the Widener University School of Law), and a recipient of the ABA-BNA Law Award for Academic Excellence (from the Widener University School of Law).

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Ardmore Pa Probate Lawyers Avvo Superb 2020

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Ardmore Pa Probate Lawyers Avvo Superb 2020 – Bio

The Ardmore Pa Probate Lawyers Avvo Superb 2020 Rating is our effort to evaluate a lawyer’s background based on the information available in an attorney’s Avvo profile.

Ardmore Pa Probate Lawyers Avvo Superb 2020 – Rating

We create the rating using a model that considers information the lawyer has included on their profile in addition to the information we collect from public sources like state bar associations and lawyer websites.

Any information that affects the Avvo Rating is visible in an attorney’s profile.

Ardmore Pa Probate Lawyers Avvo Superb 2020 – Right Attorney

There is no bias. The rating is calculated using a mathematical model, and all lawyers are evaluated on the same set of standards.

The Avvo Rating cannot be bought. At Avvo, all lawyers are treated equally. We don’t play favorites, and attorneys can’t pay us to improve their ratings.

It was developed by legal professionals and people looking for legal services. The model used to calculate the rating was developed with input from hundreds of attorneys, thousands of consumers, and many other legal professionals who deeply understand the work attorneys do. We created the Avvo Rating to reflect the type of information people have identified as important when looking to hire an attorney.

It’s as simple as counting to 10. Ratings fall on a scale of 1 (Extreme Caution) to 10 (Superb), helping you quickly assess a lawyer’s background based on our rating.

The Avvo Rating is based only on the information we have collected and that the attorney has provided, so we don’t recommend the Avvo Rating as the only piece of information you use to evaluate whether an attorney is right for you. The rating is a tool that provides a snapshot assessment of a lawyer’s background, and should be considered alongside other information such as client reviews and peer endorsements.

Ardmore Pa Probate Planning – Review

The best gift you can give your loved ones is to have your Estate Planning complete. Unfortunately, to a great extent, misinformation about critical terms such as Pa Inheritance Tax, Federal Estate tax, Pa Probate, avoiding probate, simple will, Pa Living Will, and Pa Living Trust, tends to lead to misunderstandings of estate planning.

Practice Areas

He concentrates his three decade career in the legal areas Pa Probate,Pa Estate Planning including Pa Last Wills, Pa Powers of Attorney, Pa Living Wills), Pa Estate Administration, Pa Estate Taxation, Pa Estate Litigation, Pa Beneficiary Representation, and Pa Guardianships.

Client Testimonials

Mr. Whalen has over 3,967 LinkedIn Profile Followers. 99 LinkedIn Peer Endorsements. 27 Avvo Peer Endorsements. 24 Martindale Peer Reviews. 12 Lawyers Client Reviews. 68 Avvo Client Reviews – over 5,000 Reviews

Professional Accolades

Mr. Whalen has achieved the AV Peer Review Rated Preeminentaward from Martindale, AV Peer Judicial Preeminent award, the Avvo Rated Superb 10.00 award, the Avvo Rated Top Lawyer award, the Clients’ Choice Award, and the Top One Percent (1%) award.

He is the recipient of the Legum Magister Post-Doctorate Degree (LL.M.) in Taxation (from the Villanova University School of Law), a recipient of the American Jurisprudence Award in Wills, Trusts, and Estates, from the Widener University School of Law), and a recipient of the ABA-BNA Law Award for Academic Excellence (from the Widener University School of Law).

He has also been named as an Awesome Attorney in the field of Estate Planning Law (by the Suburban Life Magazine of the Philadelphia suburbs) for the years 2010 through 2018, and was Editor-in-Chief of the Delaware Law Forum at Widener School of Law.

Curriculum Vitae

Mr. Whalen is a frequent speaker and writer on the areas of Probate, Wills, Trusts, Estates.

I have spoken for the Pennsylvania Bar Institute, spoken at the Widener University Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, and spoken at the Delaware County Estate Planning Council.

He has also had his legal articles published by the Pennsylvania Bar Institute, the Pennsylvania Law Weekly, the Philadelphia Business Journal, and the Martindale.Com website.

He has had his law blogs published on the Lawyers.Com website.

Mr. Whalen is a member of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and the United States Federal Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

He is past president of the Delaware County Estate Planning Council, a past Internship Instructor of Conestoga High School, and Villanova University School of Law.

He is a past member of the Chester County Estate Planning Council and a past President of the Chesterbrook Picket Post Condominium Association.

John B. Whalen, Jr., JD., LL.M., is an AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent 5.0 and Avvo Rated 10.0 Superb (obtaining over 95 client reviews and peer endorsements) premier and prestigious Attorney and Counselor at Law. He is located at 1199 Heyward Road Wayne Pa 19087. He serves all surrounding counties, on all 7 days, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, and on evenings, weekends, and holidays. He provides free initial consults all seven days, provides home visits, and provides flat fee structures. He can be reached by email at jw60297@me.com, and by telephone at 1-610-999-2157. He has amassed over 60 prestigious and premier professional awards and over 5000 client reviews and endorsements.

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Ardmore Pa USA PATRIOT Act Privacy Rules

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Ardmore Pa USA PATRIOT Act Privacy Rules

Less than two months after September 11th, President Bush signed the USA PATRIOT Act. The USA PATRIOT (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (the “U.S.A. P.A.T.R.I.O.T.” Act), announced a wide range of new tools to strengthen the U.S. economic system from, in addition to many other things, money laundering, terrorist financing, identity theft, and fraud.

Among the tools of the USA PATRIOT Act was Section 326, which virtually overhauled the account-opening process at financial institutions.

Section 326 required that the Treasury Department establish minimum standards with which financial institutions must strictly comply in order to open new accounts.

This note will outline a brief history and a few aspects of Section 326 with which we are all now faced.

Ardmore Pa USA PATRIOT Act Privacy Rules – The History

On July 23, 2002, the Treasury Department issued the Proposed Rules for Section 326, which received overwhelming criticism from all interests.  The criticism ranged from one side advocating for a rule containing an entirely risk-based approach without any minimum identification and verification requirements, to the opposing side desiring a rule with more specific requirements [because a completely] risk-based approach would leave too much room for interpretation.

The overwhelming sentiment from all sides, however, was that the Treasury Department had underestimated the compliance burden that would be imposed on financial institutions.

On April 30, 2003, the Treasury Department adopted the Joint Final Rule for Section 326, which attempted to both increase the verification effectiveness for new accounts and decrease the needless drain on financial institutions.  Changes from the Proposed Rules to the Joint Final Rule included a narrowed definition of customer (i.e., by excluding signatories on accounts) and redefined record-keeping requirements (i.e., by requiring only notations from, not copies of, identity-verifying documents such as driver’s licenses).  Most notably, the Joint Final Rule implemented the Customer Identity Program (C.I.P.) rules.

On October 1, 2003, the C.I.P. rules became mandatory, which dictated that [a]ll financial institutions, regardless of size, have a CIP that contains customer identification and verification procedures.

Ardmore Pa USA PATRIOT Act Privacy Rules – The Purpose

The purpose of a C.I.P. is to ensure that financial institutions know the true identity of those opening accounts.  Each institution’s C.I.P should be risk-based, and should be an integrated part of its Bank Secrecy Act and Anti-Money Laundering programs.

In establishing a C.I.P., Section 326 dictates minimum, not maximum, standards.  Therefore, the measures taken by each financial institution will vary based on many factors.

With respect to the account, aspects will include the account type, the method by which it is opened (i.e., in person or electronically), and the identity verification information provided by the customer.

With respect to the institution, considerations will include its size, location, and customer base.

In activating a C.I.P., Section 326 dictates that it will occur anytime a new customer opens a new account.  However, it may also occur in varying degrees with existing customers and existing accounts.  The essence of the meaning of an account lies in ongoing relationships, not infrequent interactions.  It is defined as a formal relationship to provide or engage in services, dealings or other financial transactions.  The gist of the meaning of customer speaks to both individuals and entities, including estates and trusts.  It is defined as a person opening a new account and an individual who opens a new account for one who lacks legal capacity (i.e., a minor) or an entity that is not a legal person (i.e., a civic group).  Taken together, all of these factors and definitions should allow an institution to conclude that it has a reasonable belief as to a customer’s true identity.

Ardmore Pa USA PATRIOT Act Privacy Rules – The Requirements

The hallmark of a C.I.P. should be flexibility.  Accordingly, the Joint Final Rule begins with the minimum steps for a C.I.P., and then allows each financial institution to develop its own C.I.P., which must be written and approved by the institution’s Board of Directors, by building upon those steps.  The four minimum steps to a CIP are verifying identities, keeping records, comparing lists, and notifying customers.

The 1st Step – Verifying Identities

The first element of a C.I.P is verifying identities.  This step is a two-pronged procedure – the customer provides identifying items and the financial institution validates those identifying items.

To satisfy the first prong, the customer (whether an individual or an entity) must provide three essential pieces of identifying items – name, address, and identification number (with a fourth requirement, date of birth, also required of individuals).

To satisfy the second prong, a financial institution’s C.I.P should specify by what methods (whether documentary proof and/or non-documentary confirmation) it will use to validate the customer’s identifying information.  Worthy of mention is the aspect that, although the Joint Final Rule specifically includes driver’s licenses and passports, it does not preclude other forms of identification.  Presently, however, some institutions only accept these two forms of identification.  Also of note is that the exact requirement of an identification number appears to be somewhat unsettled at this point.  Granted, with respect to estates and trusts, an Employer Identification Number is obligatory, but presently some institutions also require the individual fiduciary’s Social Security Number (as well as address and date of birth).  As a word of caution, the initial information provided to a financial institution for an estate or trust should be closely monitored to ensure that it is coded properly with the Employer Identification Number of the entity, and not the Social Security Number of the individual fiduciary.  Again, as the Joint Final Rule specifies only minimum requirements, it appears that these practices, which may be initially perceived as overreaching, are, in fact, not out of bounds.  The theme to keep in mind is that the financial institution is allowed to form a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of the customer.

The 2nd Step – Keeping Records

The second element of a C.I.P is keeping records.  In other words, what measures must the financial institution take to document that the first step – verifying identities – was in fact performed.  The C.I.P rules contain a bifurcated record-keeping system.  The identifying information (i.e., name, address, and identification number, and, with individuals, date of birth) must be kept for five years after the account is closed, and all other information must be kept for five years after the record is made.

The 3rd Step – Comparing Lists

The third element of a C.I.P is comparing lists.  The C.I.P must include procedures for determining whether a customer appears on any list of known or suspected terrorist organizations issued by the federal government.  Although this requirement seems quite onerous upon first blush, financial institutions are not required to actively seek out any and all government lists.  Although no “Section 326 Government List” currently exists, it has been stated that the Department of the Treasury will create and provide a “Section 326 List” for the industry to use for this specific purpose.

The 4th Step – Notifying Customers

The fourth element of a C.I.P is notifying customers.  Every institution must provide customers with adequate notice that they are requesting information to verify their identities.  This notice can be either given to the customers on an individual basis, such as a handout, or on a collective basis, such as a placard displayed in the bank.  The statute also has sample language in the regulation that may be used.

Ardmore Pa USA PATRIOT Act Privacy Rules – The Conclusion

The USA PATRIOT Act is a massive tome, with the commentary on it alone capable of filing a small warehouse.  I hope this note offers a little foothold to it.

Ardmore Pa Probate Attorneys Guide

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John B. Whalen, Jr., JD., LL.M., is an AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent 5.0 and Avvo Rated 10.0 Superb (obtaining over 95 client reviews and peer endorsements) premier and prestigious Attorney and Counselor at Law. He is located at 1199 Heyward Road Wayne Pa 19087. He serves all surrounding counties, on all 7 days, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, and on evenings, weekends, and holidays. He provides free initial consults all seven days, provides home visits, and provides flat fee structures. He can be reached by email at jw60297@me.com, and by telephone at 1-610-999-2157. He has amassed over 60 prestigious and premier professional awards and over 5000 client reviews and endorsements. Mr. Whalen has achieved the AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent award from Martindale, AV Peer Judicial Preeminent award, the Avvo Rated Superb 10.00 award, the Avvo Rated Top Lawyer award, the Clients’ Choice Award, and the Top One Percent (1%) award. He is the recipient of the Legum Magister Post-Doctorate Degree (LL.M.) in Taxation (from the Villanova University School of Law), a recipient of the American Jurisprudence Award in Wills, Trusts, and Estates (from the Widener University School of Law), and a recipient of the ABA-BNA Law Award for Academic Excellence (from the Widener University School of Law).

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